侵犯人权与基本自由问题：中国取缔法轮功并逮捕法轮功修炼者

【明慧网一九九九年八月七日】

ASSOCIATION OF WORLD CITIZENS
世界公民联合会

Case Postale 161.CH.1211 Genève 16. SUISSE
Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities 4 August 1999
保护及防止歧视少数民族分委员会
1999年8月4日

Item 2: Questions of violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms: The Banning of the Falun Gong and Subsequent Arrests of Practitioners in China
第二项（议题）：侵犯人权与基本自由问题：中国取缔法轮功并逮捕法轮功修炼者

René WADLOW
Permanent Representative
United Nations, Geneva
René WADLOW（雷.华德路）
常任代表
日内瓦，联合国

The declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, adopted by consensus in the UN General Assembly on 25 November 1981 reaffirms rights contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and provides a framework for considering the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief.
译文：1981年11月25日，联合国大会一致通过《联合国消除各种对宗教与信仰的排异和歧视宣言》。该宣言重申了《全世界人权宣言》所涵盖的各种人权，提出了一个考虑保护思想、良心、宗教、信仰自由的行动协议框架。

Article 1 states “1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom to have a religion or whatever belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching.
译文：第一条规定：“1.人人享有思想、良心、宗教信仰自由的权利。此权利包括：信仰宗教或自己选择任何一种信仰的自由，以个人方式或与其他人一起以团体方式在公开或私人场合，以礼拜仪式、宗教仪式、练习、教导等方式表达自己的宗教或信仰的自由。”

2. No one shall be subject to coercion which would impair his freedom to have a religion or belief of his choice.
译文：不得以胁迫、强制等方式侵害任何人的宗教与信仰自由。

3. Freedom to manifest one"s religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals, or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. ”
译文：3.表达自己的宗教或信仰的自由只受法律规定条款的制约，须要保护公共安全、秩序、健康或道德，或其他人的基本权利及自由。”

Article 6 specifically states the freedom:
译文：第6条特别规定了以下自由：

a): To worship or assemble in connection with a religion or belief, and to establish and maintain places for these purposes;
译文：a) 举行和宗教或信仰相关的礼拜仪式或集会，建立并维持以供上述目的的场所。

b): To write, issue and disseminate relevant publications in these areas.
译文：b) 撰写、出版发行及在这些地区传播散发相关出版物。

We are convinced that the banning by the Government of the Peoples Republic of China on 22 July 1999 of the spiritual movement Falun Gong/Falun Dafa and the subsequent arrest of leaders, massive destruction of publications and audio-visual material, and the prohibition of assembly of its practitioners are direct violations of the spirit and provisions of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, and of article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
译文：1999年7月22日，中华人民共和国政府取缔了精神运动－－法轮功（法轮大法），并逮捕了法轮功辅导员，大规模地销毁法轮功出版物及音像制品，禁止法轮功修炼者集会。我们确信中国政府的以上行为直接违反了《联合国消除各种对宗教与信仰的排异和歧视宣言》的精神及条款，并违反了《国际公民及政治权利盟约》第18条的规定。

The limitations on the freedom of practice set out in article 18- “ Freedom to manifest one"s religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others ? are no applicable in the case of the Falun Gong/Falun Dafa. The banning is arbitrary and is related to politically-motivated fears.
译文：第18条规定的（信仰的）实践自由的限制：“表达自己的宗教或信仰的自由只受法律规定条款的制约，须要保护公共安全、秩序、健康或道德，或其他人的基本权利及自由”－－不适用于法轮功（法轮大法）这种情况。取缔是武断的，是出自于政治上的恐惧。

Fear is always a poor advisor when dealing with social movements. Therefore we appeal to the Sub-Commission to help the Government of the Peoples Republic of China to gain a harmonious perspective and to restore the rights of the practitioners of the Falun Gong/Falun Dafa spiritual movement.
译文：恐惧在处理社会问题时从来都不会给人带来明智之举。因此，我们呼吁分会帮助中国政府获得一个和谐地判断当前局势的方法，恢复法轮功（法轮大法）精神运动的修炼者的权利。

I will develop briefly three points
译文：我简要地陈述以下三点：

The nature of the movement
The extent of Government-led repression;
What is to be done.
译文：法轮功精神运动的性质
政府领导的镇压（法轮功）的程度
我们应该采取的措施

Falun Gong/Falun Dafa has its roots in the rich history and practice of Taoism in China
译文：法轮功（法轮大法）可以从中国灿烂的历史和道家的修炼中找到渊源。
Taoism has been part of the all-pervading culture of the Chinese people, manifested in many folk practices but also in painting, poetry and philosophy.
译文：道家学说是中国人民普遍传统文化的一部分，它不仅表现在许多民间修炼事迹中，还表现在绘画、诗歌和哲学中。

Taoists often do not consider Taoism as religion but rather a method return to original way(Tao).
译文：道教信徒通常并不认为道教是一种宗教，而认为是一种回到原始状态（道）的修炼方法。

Rigid organization can be hindrance. “The doors and windows built into a house fulfil their function by being void.” is an aphorism attributed to the Taoist sage Lao-tzu.
译文：严格的组织是一个（修炼的）妨碍，比如道家圣人老子有一句格言：“房子的门窗正因为它们的空才能发挥它们的功能 ”。

Thus Taoism in China has never had an over-all religious organizational structure, though at times in the past, there were some large monasteries and societies based on Taoist thought.
译文：因此，尽管在过去的某些时代，有过一些大的基于道家思想的道观和团体，（但全局上看）中国道教从来没有整体上的宗教组织结构。

Taoism is a way of seeking harmony with nature, practiced in everyday life, a preference for being inconspicuous, undemanding and uncombative. Taoists have a breath of vision to submit gracefully to adverse circumstances when submit they must.
译文：道家学说追求与大自然的和谐，要在日常生活中去修炼，推崇不引人注目、没有欲求和与世无争。道家的远见之一是，当必须忍受逆境时他们会心甘情愿地忍受。

In China, there has never been a rigid wall of separation between Taoist and Buddhist ideas and practices.
译文：在中国，道教徒和佛教徒的思想及修炼从来没有过十分严格的分水岭。

Thus the emphasis on Compassion (Shan) in the Falun Gong/ Falun Dafa draws upon this central virtue of Buddhism.
译文：因此，法轮功（法轮大法）对“善”的强调正是利用了佛教的长处。
Likewise there is a Buddhist emphasis on attitudes to avoid, those which may interfere with wholesome morality and are thus a hindrance to higher states of consciousness: greed, covetousness, malevolence, anger, malice, hypocrisy, spite, envy, miserliness, deceit, treachery, obstinacy, impetuosity, arrogance, pride and conceit. ( of: the Buddha, Simile of the Cloth, Middle Length Sayings i, Discourse 7 ).
译文：同样，佛教徒提倡避免一切有碍整体道德素质的态度，因为那些东西，如：贪欲、贪婪、恶毒、愤怒、怨恨、伪善、敌意、嫉妒、吝啬、欺骗、背叛、固执、冲动、傲慢、骄傲和狂妄等，妨碍人们达到更高的觉悟层次。（of: the Buddha, Simile of the Cloth, Middle Length Sayings i, Discourse 7）

The Falun Gong/Falun Dafa, created in 1992, made Taoist techniques of meditation, exercises and yoga available to a large number of people through lectures, workshops, publications and video-audio cassettes. It was however, largely by word of mouth and example that the movement developed. These techniques met wide-spread needs, and thus the movement spread quickly to all parts of China and englobed people from all walks of life.
译文：法轮功（法轮大法）创立于1992年，通过讲课、专题学习班、书籍出版物和音像磁带等制品，使道家的静坐技巧，身体练习以及瑜伽能够为广大公众所用。同时，这种精神运动的传播所依靠的更大途径是通过人们相互之间的口头推荐及身边的实例证实。法轮功的技巧适应了广泛传播的需求，因而迅速传遍了中华大地并吸引了全球各行各业的人士。

When it was first introduced to the public in 1992, Falun Gong/Falun Dafa was registered with the Qigong Research Association of China. Qigong, also drawing upon Taoist techniques of exercise and breathing, is popular in China although the exercises are now often done for reasons of good health and are separated from their moral foundations.
译文：当法轮功（法轮大法）于1992年首次向社会传出时，法轮功注册在中国气功研究会下。气功也是利用了道教的一些形体动作和调息方法，虽然它现在往往只被作为健身手段采用，被从原来的道德基础上隔绝开来，但气功在中国仍很受欢迎。

As the Falun Gong/Falun Dafa"s goal is to guide people to higher dimensions of consciousness, and knowing that power gained from the exercises can be dangerous if not done in a firm framework of spiritual and moral values, the founder Li Hongzhi withdrew Falun Gong/Falun Dafa from the Qigong Research Association of China.
译文：由于法轮功（法轮大法）的目标是指导人达到更高的觉悟境界，如果没有一个坚实的精神和道德价值观念框架限制，从功法练习中得到的力量可以形成危险，因而法轮功创始人李洪志先生让法轮功从中国气功研究会中退了出来。

It would seem that the Chinese Government, worried about the growing popularity of the movement then refused to allow it to be registered under any other category. This means that Falun Gong/ Falun Dafa had no legal protection and no legal status in Chinese society, a situation that practitioners peacefully and patiently tried to rectify so that they could follow the spiritual system of their choice safely and without interference.
中国政府似乎因为这种精神运动（法轮功）不断扩大的受欢迎程度而感到不安，所以拒绝允许法轮功在任何一个类别的主管部门下注册。这意味着法轮功（法轮大法）在中国社会没有法律保护和合法地位。法轮功修炼者一直在和平地、耐心地设法纠正这种局面，以使他们自己能够安全、不受干扰地追求自己选择的精神体系。

The government of the Peoples Republic of China seems to have felt that the practices of Falun Gong/ Falun Dafa leading to harmony, joy and vitality were particularly needed in The USA and so facilitated the departure in 1995 of the founder Li Hongzhi to the USA where he now lives and teachers. However, the Falun Gong/ Falun Dafa is based on the practice of each individual, and the movement continued to grow despite the departure of Li Hongzhi.
译文；中华人民共和国政府似乎觉得能够带来和谐、欢乐和活力的法轮功（法轮大法）修炼是美国特别需要的，于是为创始人李洪志先生1995年离开中国移居美国提供了方便。李洪志先生现在在美国居住并教授法轮功。可是，尽管李洪志先生离开了中国，法轮功在中国的传播仍在继续扩大，这是因为法轮功（法轮大法）是建立在每一个个人的自愿修炼基础之上的。

It was in April 1999 when practitioners of Falun Gong/Falun Dafa gathered to request registration of the movement outside the compound at Zhongnanhai in Beijing, where many Government leaders live, that Falun Gong/Falun Dafa drew wide attention to itself. It would seem that such a large assembly of people without advance police knowledge provoked Government concern. Some in the Government administration and the Party saw Falun Gong/Falun Dafa as a danger to the ideological monopoly which they wish to conserve.
译文：1999年4月，法轮功（法轮大法）修炼者因聚集在许多中国政府领导人居住的北京中南海外面要求注册而使得法轮功（法轮大法）本身引起了社会的广泛关注。看上去这个事先警察不知道的、如此大的群众集会引起了政府的担忧。政府管理部门和中国共产党内的某些人把法轮功（法轮大法）视为对他们所希望保持的意识形态垄断的一个威胁。

Thus, by the middle of June 1999, the police and security forces had developed plans for wide-spread arrests and repression.
译文：这样，到1999年6月中旬为止，公安机关和安全部门已经制定了一个大规模逮捕和镇压法轮功学员的计划。

By 22 July, all was in place. There was a governmental decree banning the movement, wide-spread arrests of leaders in many different provinces indicating the well-laid plans for repression. Book, audio-video cassettes have been seized and destroyed. These destructions have been widely shown on Chinese television -- a communications advance over Nazi book burning but hardly a moral improvement.
译文：到7月22日，一切计划付诸实施。政府颁布政令取缔法轮功，大规模逮捕许多不同省份的法轮功辅导员，这表明这项镇压计划是精心策划的。法轮功书籍及音像磁带被没收并销毁。中国的电视上广泛地播出这些销毁场面。－－与纳粹时代的焚书相比，他们的通讯手段先进了，但很难说这是道德上的进化。

As with past campaigns against dissident thought : Anti-Rightist Campaign(1957); Great Leap Forward (1958-1960); Cultural Revolution ( 1966-1976); Campaign to Eliminate Spiritual Pollution ( 1983-1984), There are now public confessions of errors by Party members who had practiced Falun Gong/ Falun Dafa, re-education sessions for Government civil servants, stories in the press of people who were not cured of illness by practices, Pressure is being put on people to stop Falun Gong/ Falun Dafa practice through threats to work, education, pensions, housing etc. There has even been a request to the US Government to extradite Li Hongzhi to China on a charge of unlawful assembly.
译文：正如过去的各种反对异己思想的政治运动一样，如反右派（1957）、大跃进（1958~1960）、文化大革命（1966~1976）、清除精神污染运动（1983~1984）等，修炼法轮功（法轮大法）的共产党员要公开承认错误，修炼法轮功的政府公务员被接受再教育，新闻中播放着练习法轮功没有治好病的人的故事。（中国政府）用工作、上学、养老金、住房等威胁手段对人们施加压力，以迫使他们停止修炼法轮功（法轮大法），甚至还指控李洪志先生（组织）非法集会，要求美国政府引渡他回国。

What is to be done
译文：我们应该采取的措施

This August session of the Sub-Commission is the first UN Human Rights body able to deal with the question fully after the 22July 1999 banning. The nature and the scale of the repression and arrests make this an emergency situation on which the Sub-Commission is mandated to act.
译文：分委员会八月的会议是一个自1999年7月22日中国政府取缔法轮功以来，联合国人权团体第一次能全面地处理这个问题的机会。镇压和逮捕（法轮功学员）的性质及规模使得形势非常紧急，要求分委员会对此作出反应。

The banning of the Falun Gong/Falun Dafa is a qualitative change in the practice of the Government of the Peoples Republic of China.
译文：取缔法轮功（法轮大法）是中国政府（干预信仰自由）的行动在性质上的一个改变。

In the past, there have been questions raised in the Commission on Human Rights concerning the rights to religious practice of Roman Catholic and Protestant Christians in China and of Tibetan schools of Buddhism. ( See the report of the in situ visit of Special Rapporteur on Religious Intolerance, Mr Abdelfattah Amor, E/CN.4/1995/91 and his subsequent yearly reports ).
译文：过去，联合国人权委员会提出的主要是关于中国的罗马天主教和新教教徒的宗教修炼自由及藏传佛教的宗教修炼自由的问题。
（见宗教歧视排异问题特别大会报告起草人的现场调查报告，爱德法塔?爱默，E/CN, 4/1995/91, 和他后来的年度报告）

In the case of the Christians and the Tibetan schools of Buddhism, there is usually a recognized clergy, buildings for worship or study, and specific scriptures. This is not the case for Falun Gong/Falun Dafa. Thus there is a danger that repression will be more widespread and arbitrary.
译文：在基督教和藏传佛教中，有公认的神职人员、做礼拜和学习宗教的专门场所、及特有的宗教经书典籍。法轮功（法轮大法）和它们相比，没有这些东西。因此对法轮功的镇压有更趋扩大和更加任意专断的危险。

There is danger that the Public Security Department forces still strike out arbitrarily at people doing meditation exercises of holding spiritual beliefs concerning reincarnation, spirits, cycles of human evolution etc.
译文：还有一个危险趋势是，公安机关的强制力还可以任意专断地打击，精神上相信转世投胎、灵魂、人类发展的周期论等、行静坐练习的人们。

The more a belief system is diffused, the closer it is to traditional folk beliefs often called superstitions by Government ideologues, the more arbitrary the repression can be. There are already many reports of police brutality in breaking up meetings of practitioners, usually meeting in public parks.
译文：一个信仰体系普及越广，就越接近于传统的民间信仰，而这种信仰被政府的理论家称之为“迷信”，这样镇压就会越肆意妄为、越专断。已经有报导说警察野蛮粗暴地驱散了通常在公园里集体炼功的法轮功修炼者。

Thus, it is our duty to help the Peoples Republic of China to avoid another ideological campaign which not only violates international norms on freedom of belief but is also socially damaging.
译文：因此，我们的职责是帮助中国政府避免另一场意识形态的政治运动，这种运动不仅违反了国际社会关于信仰自由的准则，而且也会对社会造成破坏。

China faces very real problems of unemployment due to economic restructuring; real problems due to rural to urban population movements, real problems due to population pressure upon the resources of food, water, housing etc. There are also real problems in the ideological philosophical sphere as Marxist explanations of society and history are inadequate, but there is no other dominant ideology or philosophy taking its place.
译文：中国面临着非常现实的由于经济结构调整而产生的失业下岗问题、城乡人口流动的现实问题、由于人口对食物、水、住房的压力而产生的现实问题等等。在意识形态、哲学领域也存在现实问题，如马克思主义者对社会和历史的解释是不完备的，但是没有其它的占主导地位的意识形态或哲学体系代替它的位置。

We can sympathize with Chinese intellectuals and administrators trying to meet all these problems at the same time. But we must say clearly that repression o spiritual movements will not provide solutions for these problems. Freedom of belief and exchange of ideas are essential to human progress.
译文：我们能够同情中国知识分子和政府管理者，因为他们必须努力同时解决所有这些问题。但是，我们必须清楚地指出，对一个精神运动（法轮功）的镇压不会为这些问题提供任何解决办法。信仰和思想交流的自由对人类的进步是必不可少、十分重要的。

Thus we in human rights community have a duty to uphold the norms set out in the universally-recognized Declarations and Covenants. We also have a duty to help the governments and people of States to find proper solutions when, through fear and bad advice, they take short-sighted measures which are harmful and destructive of social harmony.
译文：因此，我们人权团体有义务支持维护普遍公认的宣言和盟约所规定的各项准则。 我们也有义务来帮助（中国）政府和人民找到一个合适的解决方法，特别是当他们由于惧怕和坏的建议、诬告，而采取了近视的、对社会和谐有危害的、具有破坏性的措施时。

The banning and repression of Falun Gong/Falun Dafa is such a short-sighted and destructive measure. We are sure that the Sub-Commission will take strong and appropriate action to help the Peoples Republic of China to advance freedom of belief by lifting the ban on Falun Gong/Falun Dafa.
译文：取缔和镇压法轮功（法轮大法）就是这样一种近视的、具有破坏性的措施行为。我们确信分委员会将采取强有力的、适当的行动，来帮助中华人民共和国通过解除对法轮功（法轮大法）的取缔来推进信仰自由。